বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৮ ফেব্রুয়ারী, ২০১৩

Home Rule Charter Cities in MN - Taxation and Assessment Powers


As addressed in the first week of class this semester, and in the League of Minnesota Cities? Local Government Handbook (www.lmc.org/media/document/1/chapter01/pdf), there two ?types? of cities in Minnesota: statutory cities and home rule charter (HRC) cities. Of the 854 incorporated places within the state, 107 are HRC cities. In short, the HRC is an alternative form of governance that allows cities more flexibility in the structure of the mayor/city council/city administrator, as well as other issues, such as the ability to propose amendments to the city charter (statutory cities need a state statute passed for similar changes). This flexibility and localized set of rules (the charter) doesn?t come without extra work and administrative time and cost, though, and many cities seem to have steered clear of this structure because of these reasons. So, what?s the deal with the non-statutory 13 percent of incorporated local governments, and exactly how do the charters of these cities relate to property taxes? (Before we get to the answers, check out this map to see just which 107 cities I?m talking about. Any familiar faces?) As it turns out, the impact of home rule charters on local governments, including property taxes, is very minimally researched. In my efforts to dig into this, I found this brief about HRCs in Midwestern states by researchers at Indiana University (go Gophers!). So, at least on fiscal issues, the fiscal independence of Home Rule cities is limited. Although I?ve always had an interest in local government power, and especially in terms of its role in economic development, land use, and transportation systems, my awareness to HRC cities peaked as I started working on my capstone project this semester. So, with the ?limited independence? tag from the IU summary, I kept digging. Here are a couple of things I found: The City of Minnetonka?s Economic Development Authority discussion of special service districts (SSD), which can be created through an ordinance in HRC cities (currently extended through June 30, 2013), instead of through a state statute process. SSDs are an additional fee structure on top of property taxes that are frequently used for additional maintenance, streetscaping, and other roadway improvements in a business district. Here?s a really interesting one, and I have yet to find it applicable to other charter cities: Minnetonka is able to defer the assessment of development fees, such as those related to a parking ramp to be used at a future LRT station, until the time that the development actually occurs. Statutory cities are only allowed to do so on a greenfield (non-developed) site, which can make assessments for redevelopment projects into much more of an upfront barrier. Interesting?they don?t teach you these things in school!

Source: http://pa5113.blogspot.com/2013/02/home-rule-charter-cities-in-mn-taxation.html

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Source: http://reading.my/blog/45445/health-and-fitness-remedies-and-an-intro/

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বুধবার, ২৭ ফেব্রুয়ারী, ২০১৩

Italy's Grillo rules out joining a coalition govt

Democratic Party leader Pierluigi Bersani leaves after a press conference in Rome, Tuesday Feb. 26, 2013. Italy emerged from elections Tuesday with no clear winner, driving markets around the world markedly lower as investors worried that one of Europe's biggest economies would be unable to build a governing coalition that can stay the course on unpopular austerity measures. A day after polling ended, a few seats in Parliament based on Italians' voting abroad still remained to be decided, but their numbers won't ease the gridlock. (AP Photo/Alessandra Tarantino)

Democratic Party leader Pierluigi Bersani leaves after a press conference in Rome, Tuesday Feb. 26, 2013. Italy emerged from elections Tuesday with no clear winner, driving markets around the world markedly lower as investors worried that one of Europe's biggest economies would be unable to build a governing coalition that can stay the course on unpopular austerity measures. A day after polling ended, a few seats in Parliament based on Italians' voting abroad still remained to be decided, but their numbers won't ease the gridlock. (AP Photo/Alessandra Tarantino)

(AP) ? The comic who is leading a potent new political force in Italy is ruling out joining any alliance to form a new government, dashing hopes of breaking the country's postelection stalemate.

Beppe Grillo, whose stunning success in this week's vote make his 5 Star Movement the third-biggest bloc in Parliament, wrote on his blog Wednesday that his party will not back a confidence vote on any new government formed by mainstream parties.

Grillo instead wants a new election soon. His protest party had railed at the failings of Italy's political class.

The political uncertainty is roiling financial markets worldwide. So far the top vote-getter, center-left leader Pier Luigi Bersani, is resisting offers by conservative Silvio Berlusconi of a "grand coalition" government that would include Berlusconi's second-place party.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-02-27-Italy-Politics/id-1a0f9fa5cf6f4c51a054ab716d8a5946

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Moving Part of Legal Education to the Undergraduate Level

Legal education, and higher education more generally, is facing a cost crisis.? As I will explain in subsequent posts, I?m not sure that the legal industry is facing a long-term shift in employment patterns.? Regardless of patterns in employment outcomes, however, law schools (and other higher education programs) cannot continue to increase real tuition costs at above the rate of inflation.? More broadly, we need to take a hard look at how we can reduce the costs of legal education.

One way of reducing costs would be to move part of legal education to the undergraduate level.? In our current system, students have to pay in full for both their undergraduate and law degrees.? If we could move some of legal to the undergraduate level, we could make graduate legal education less expensive.

In this post, I want to propose a mechanism for moving part of legal education to the undergraduate level.? The heart of the proposal is a set of competency exams that students could take before going to law school.? If a student received a sufficiently high score, the student would get law school credit and would place out of a required law school class.? Think Advanced Placement for law schools.??

The rest of this post is a slightly modified version of a post that I made in 2009 at the PropertyProf blog.? That post had a fairly extensive comment thread that might be of interest to readers of this one.? The ABA appears to be have some interest in considering radical ideas, so it seems like it may be a good time to revisit this issue.

Legal education faces a quandary.? On the one hand, law school costs a lot of money and takes a lot of time.? The tuition that can easily leave students with over $100,000 in debt is the most obvious cost of law school, but the opportunity costs of lost income over three years are also substantial.? On the other hand, a reasonable case can be made that three years is not enough to provide students with a full legal education.? Surprising as this may sound to students grousing about the purported uselessness of the third year of law school, the ABA Out of the Box Committee recently [in 2009] suggested that law school should be four years for regular division students.? As its name suggests, the Out of the Box Committee is designed to make provocative suggestions.? The Committee was cognizant of the problem of cost, but argued that three years is not sufficient time to fully prepare law students for the practice of law.? What you think of the idea probably turns on what you think the purpose of law school should be.? To be clear, an additional year of law school does not necessarily mean another year of doctrinal coursework.? It could be argued that four years are needed to provide law students with both the doctrinal knowledge and the skills training necessary to thrive as a practicing lawyer.? Think medical school, and you get the basic idea.

Even if you buy the Out of the Box Committee?s basic premise, concerns about cost make an additional year of graduate-level law school untenable.? If some component of legal education could be pushed to the undergraduate level, though, we might be able to have the best of both worlds.? Students already have to pay for undergraduate tuition, and if they came to graduate-level law school with some specified quantity of legal knowledge, then graduate-level law school could be devoted to more advanced topics.? If a sufficient amount of legal education was achieved at the undergraduate stage, then graduate-level law school might be shortened to two years while the overall amount of legal education received by students might actually increase.

What we teach in law school can be roughly divided into two components:? stuff and skills.? In its current incarnation, legal education is largely focused on teaching stuff ? the basic doctrinal rules, and related policy issues, of various areas of law.? There is a reasonable amount of legal analytic skill that is taught in your typical casebook course, especially in the first year.? But most of what we teach is stuff ? basic knowledge of one sort or another.? Some types of stuff are more complex than others, but most of the basics really aren?t that hard.? I?m pretty confident that undergraduates would be able to handle most of the basics of property law, and of any other legal area.

If students came into graduate-level law school with a decent introduction to the law of property, then we could do so much more with them.? What this more might be might vary ? it could be more practice oriented, more theory oriented, or remain doctrinal, but on a deeper level.? Students wouldn?t need to enter with the same knowledge base that we expect them to have at the end of the first-year course.? Just a basic understanding of the fundamental areas of property law would suffice.

Presuming that it is desirable to shift some legal education to the undergraduate level, how do we get there?? My proposal is to create an advanced placement system for law school.? High school students can take advanced placement tests in a wide range of subject areas.? If they score well enough, they are given college credit and can place out of some introductory college courses.? The same thing could be done with legal education.? Exams could be offered in a number of doctrinal areas.? If students score well enough, they would be given law school credit and could place out of the introductory course in that subject (or could take an abbreviated version of that course).

One advantage of using placement exams as a vehicle is that it would let the market decide how best to promote undergraduate legal education.? If the ABA approves the tests, and allows accredited law schools to give placement credit for them, then it wouldn?t matter how students are prepared for the tests.? All that will matter is student performance.? Most of the basics of legal subjects could be taught well on-line, or through distance learning.? Kaplan, the Princeton Review, etc. might offer prep tests.? So long as students display a basic level of competency, it shouldn?t matter how that competency is achieved.? I would imagine (and hope) that undergraduate institutions would start to offer law majors, but students could prepare for the tests any way they like.? Initially, the tests would allow some students to gain some law school credit before starting law school, making it easier for them to get a J.D. in two years.? Over time, the tests might morph into law boards that all students are expected to take before admission to graduate-level law school.?

Moving to this system would have advantages for everyone involved.? For students, it would allow them to get the J.D. in two years.? If enough material was moved to the undergraduate level, then students might end up with the equivalent of four years of graduate legal education for less money and overall time.? If a lot of the basics were moved to the undergraduate level, graduate-level law school could focus on more complex and creative course offerings, better preparing students for practice.? Having a part of legal education done at the undergraduate level would also lead to more people getting some legal education.? Not everyone who studied law at the undergraduate level would go on to graduate law school to become a practicing lawyer.? Students with some undergraduate legal education would hopefully be able to make better-informed decisions about whether to get a graduate education in law or to pursue another career.? Students who decide that they want to go school late could take intensive programs like those designed for people who want to go to medical school but who have not completed the prerequisites.? Or, law schools could continue to offer full programs for those students who don't have an undergraduate legal education.

An objection, which is sometimes raised about European systems that have an undergraduate component to legal education, is that students end up knowing law but nothing else.? This could be called the liberal arts objection.? I'm a huge fan of liberal arts education, so this objection has a lot of resonance with me.? My initial response to it has a few parts.? First, an undergraduate legal education doesn't have to be as doctrine-focused as current law school programs.? If I was designing an undergraduate law program, I would require basic courses in logic and economics, and would highly recommend other courses in history, philosophy, and political science.? Second, students can and should take courses as undergraduates outside of their major.? Third, if someone was to object that it is a problem for lawyers to only know law, a logical response would be to ask what, exactly, lawyers should know in addition to law.? Students come to law school with such a wide range of undergraduate (and graduate) backgrounds that most have little exposure to any given subject area.

Shifting some legal education to the undergraduate level would change existing law schools, but would not hurt them.? So long as the graduate law degree ? the J.D. ? is the one required for practice, law schools are secure.? The placement exams would give graduate law schools a much-improved data set to use for admissions decisions ? performance on actual law-related standardized exams would seem to me to be the best possible predictor of law school success.? (The LSAC folks shouldn?t be threatened ? they?d be good candidates to administer the exams, and the LSAT wouldn't go away in any event.? US News would have a new data point for rankings, and this one (unlike many of their current ones) would actually be relevant and hard to game.).? Law schools might expand, becoming legal education centers providing both graduate and undergraduate offerings (alone or in joint ventures with undergraduate institutions) in law.? If the J.D. program was only two years, it might become common for students to do a specialized LL.M.? Law schools could compete in LL.M. specialization.? If you?re thinking about going to graduate school in philosophy, you would pick Pitt over NYU if you were interested in philosophy of science, but would pick NYU over Pitt if you wanted to study moral philosophy.? So, too, you might pick NYU over George Washington for an LL.M. in tax, but George Washington over NYU for an LL.M. in intellectual property.

The shift would also be good for law professors.? To begin with, there would be a lot more of them if undergraduate institutions started offering programs in law.? Those teaching at graduate law schools would have more freedom to be creative with their courses, and would be able to spend more time on complex issues rather than the basics.? I personally would love to try teaching Property to undergraduates.? I would also love the opportunity to teach more advanced Property issues to my law school students.? Even with six credits to teach Property, I can only scratch the surface of most issues.? If students had a basic background in, say, the law of servitudes, then I could spend more time on some important issues that I currently don't have time to cover.

It seems to me that moving to an advanced placement system for law school would be a win for everyone.? It would, however, involve change.? Academics and the regulators of legal education are typically adverse to change.? I am interested to see whether in the current environment people are willing to move outside of their comfort level.

Source: http://www.thefacultylounge.org/2013/02/moving-part-of-legal-education-to-the-undergraduate-level-advanced-placement-for-law-schools.html

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Illegal music file-sharing down 'significantly'

Illegal music file-sharing "declined significantly," down by 17 percent in 2012 compared to 2011, according to The NPD Group.

With more services available, such as Spotify, Last.fm and Pandora for streaming and buying music, and giant digital music retailers like Amazon and Apple, consumers have more choices than ever for getting music legally, easily and relatively cheaply.

"For the music industry, which has been battling digital piracy for over a decade, last year was a year of progress," said Russ Crupnick, NPD's senior vice president of industry analysis, in a statement about the research group's findings, part of its "Annual Music Study 2012" report.

NPD's findings come on the heels of a recent report that says music sales actually saw a small gain, 0.3 percent, in 2012 to $16.5 billion, the industry's first revenue increase in 13 years, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.

Meanwhile, a new, U.S.-based Copyright Alert System is kicking in this week to target consumers who use peer-to-peer software to illegally share music, as well as movies and TV shows. The alert system will be used by five major Internet service providers to notify a customer whose Internet address has been detected sharing files illegally.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing peaked in 2005, NPD said, when about 20 percent of Internet users ages 13 and older used P2P services, such as LimeWire (now shut down), to download music. In 2012, "that number fell to 11 percent."

P2P services are still out there, of course. But The NPD Group notes that the volume of illegally downloaded music files from P2P sites "also declined 26 percent, compared to the previous year."

Also down: the "number of music files being burned and ripped from CDs owned by friends and family fell 44 percent, the number of files swapped from hard drives dropped 25 percent, and the volume of music downloads from digital lockers decreased 28 percent."

The NPD Group says the main reason for the reduced sharing is the "increased use of free, legal music streaming services. In fact nearly half of those who stopped or curtailed file sharing cited the use of streaming services as their primary reason for stopping or reducing their file-sharing activity."

"In recent years, we?ve seen less P2P activity, because the music industry has successfully used litigation to shut down Limewire and other services," said Crupnick. "Many of those who continued to use P2P services reported poor experiences, due to rampant spyware and viruses on illegal P2P sites."

NPD's research was based on 5,406 completed online surveys in the U.S., a spokesman told NBC News. The survey was done between Dec. 12, 2012 and Jan. 9, 2013.

Check out Technology, GadgetBox, Digital Life and In-Game on Facebook, and on Twitter, follow Suzanne Choney.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/technolog/illegal-music-file-sharing-dropped-significantly-2012-says-npd-1C8590466

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Bowie is back to best on new album, critics say

LONDON (Reuters) - David Bowie's first album of new music in a decade sees the influential musician back to his best, critics said in reviews rushed out on Tuesday, two weeks before its release.

"The Next Day", which hits stores in Britain on March 11 and a day later in the United States, could even be the "greatest comeback in rock'n'roll history", according to The Independent's Andy Gill.

As well as a series of glowing reviews, this week also saw the launch of the second single from the 14-track album called "The Stars (Are out Tonight)", accompanied by a surreal video starring the Starman himself and Tilda Swinton as his wife.

In it the middle-aged couple's daily routine is upset by the arrival of a group of mysterious, androgynous celebrities next door who enter their dreams and reawaken old desires and fears.

"They burn you with their radiant smiles/Trap you with their beautiful eyes" read the lyrics on Bowie's official website.

As befits an "event" album with so much hype surrounding it, several newspapers gave The Next Day a track-by-track analysis.

"David Bowie's The Next Day may be the greatest comeback album ever," said Gill in his five-star assessment.

"It's certainly rare to hear a comeback effort that not only reflects an artist's own best work, but stands alongside it in terms of quality," he added.

Neil McCormick of the Telegraph also gave the record top marks, calling it "an ... emotionally charged, musically jagged, electric bolt through his own mythos and the mixed-up, celebrity-obsessed, war-torn world of the 21st century."

BOWIE MANIA

Even in an age when veteran musical comebacks are a daily occurrence, the fascination with Bowie appears to be huge.

Music magazine NME is dedicating a six-page cover feature to the singer, while the Victoria and Albert Museum in London is staging a major exhibition looking at his music, art and groundbreaking fashion.

More than 26,000 tickets have already been sold to the show, which opens on March 23.

Alexis Petridis, writing in the Guardian, argued that, while containing references to Bowie's past work, it largely avoided becoming a sonic memoir of a stellar musical career.

And he said that the secrecy surrounding the making of the album, and genuine media surprise when it was announced on Bowie's 66th birthday last month, risked overshadowing the quality of the music itself.

"That doesn't seem a fair fate for an album that's thought-provoking, strange and filled with great songs," he said. "Listening to it makes you hope it's not a one-off, that his return continues apace."

Songs singled out by critics included "Valentine's Day", couched, according to Gill, "in one of the album's most engaging pop arrangements", and "Dancing Out In Space", described by Will Hodgkinson of The Times as a "nightclub smash".

"You Feel So Lonely You Could Die", the penultimate track, provides the climax which McCormick calls "fantastic, a lush companion piece to Ziggy's Rock'n'roll Suicide that drips vitriol in place of compassion."

Now that the album is complete, the question on many fans' lips is whether Bowie will return to the stage to perform live.

The singer himself has dodged the limelight altogether since the comeback, but guitarist Gerry Leonard told Rolling Stone magazine that he thought it was "50-50" that Bowie would tour.

The glam-rock star, born David Jones in south London in 1947, shot to fame with "Space Oddity" in 1969, and later with his alter ego Ziggy Stardust, before establishing himself as a chart-topping force in the early 1980s.

His long absence from the music scene led to speculation he had retired, with British newspapers reporting as recently as October that he had disappeared from the limelight for good.

Bowie's last album of new material was "Reality", released a decade ago, and he underwent emergency heart surgery while on tour in 2004. His last stage performance was as a guest at a charity concert in New York in 2006.

(Reporting by Mike Collett-White, editing by Paul Casciato)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bowie-back-best-album-uk-critics-161857913.html

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Egypt hot air balloon crash death toll rises to 19

Rescue workers remove a body from the scene of a balloon crash outside al-Dhabaa village, just west of the city of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013. A hot air balloon flying over Egypt's ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 18 foreign tourists, a security official said. The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor, Saad told reporters. (AP Photo/Hagag Salama)

Rescue workers remove a body from the scene of a balloon crash outside al-Dhabaa village, just west of the city of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013. A hot air balloon flying over Egypt's ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 18 foreign tourists, a security official said. The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor, Saad told reporters. (AP Photo/Hagag Salama)

Egyptians gather at the site of a balloon crash where the remains of the burned gondola are seen, outside al-Dhabaa village, just west of the city of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013. A hot air balloon flying over Egypt's ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 18 foreign tourists, a security official said. The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor, Saad told reporters. (AP Photo/Hagag Salama)

Map locates Luxor, Egypt, where a hot air balloon crash killed foreign tourists

Egyptian rescue workers carry the dead bodies of foreign tourists, near the scene of a balloon crash outside al-Dhabaa village, just west of the city of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013. A hot air balloon flying over Egypt's ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 18 foreign tourists, a security official said. The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor Ezzat Saad told reporters. (AP Photo/Ibrahim Zayed)

Rescue workers remove a body from the scene of a balloon crash outside al-Dhabaa village, just west of the city of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013. A hot air balloon flying over Egypt's ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 18 foreign tourists, a security official said. The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor, Saad told reporters. (AP Photo/Hagag Salama)

LUXOR, Egypt (AP) ? A hot air balloon flying over Egypt's ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 19 foreign tourists in one of the world's deadliest ballooning accidents and handing a new blow to Egypt's ailing tourism industry.

The casualties included French, British, Belgian, Hungarian, Japanese nationals and nine tourists from Hong Kong, Luxor Governor Ezzat Saad told reporters. Three survivors ? two British tourists and the Egyptian pilots ? were taken to a local hospital, but one of the Britons later died of injuries.

Egypt's civil aviation minister, Wael el-Maadawi, suspended hot air balloon flights and flew to Luxor to lead the investigation into the crash.

The balloon, which was carrying 20 tourists and a pilot, was landing after a flight over the southern town, when a landing cable got caught around a helium tube and a fire erupted, according to an investigator with the state prosecutor's office.

The balloon then shot up in the air, the investigator said. The fire set off an explosion of a gas canister and the balloon plunged some 300 meters (1,000 feet) to the ground, according to an Egyptian security official. It crashed in a sugar cane field outside al-Dhabaa village just west of Luxor, 510 kilometers (320 miles) south of Cairo, the official said.

The official and the investigator spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media.

Bodies of the dead tourists were scattered across the field around the remnants of the balloon. An Associated Press reporter at the crash site counted eight bodies as they were put into body bags and taken away. The security official said all 18 bodies have been recovered.

Hot air ballooning is a popular pastime for tourists in Luxor, usually at sunrise to give a dramatic view over the pharaonic temples of Karnak and Luxor and the Valley of the Kings, a desert valley where many pharaoh, notably King Tutenkhamun, were buried.

Luxor has seen crashes in the past. In 2009, 16 tourists were injured when their balloon struck a cellphone transmission tower. A year earlier, seven tourists were injured in a similar crash.

The toll puts the crash among the deadliest involving a recreation hot air balloon. In 1989, 13 people were killed when their hot air balloon collided with another over the Australian outback near the town of Alice Springs.

Among the dead Tuesday was a Japanese couple in their 60s, among four Japanese who were killed, according to the head of Japan Travel Bureau's Egypt branch, Atsushi Imaeda.

In Hong Kong, a travel agency said nine of the tourists that were aboard the balloon were natives of the semiautonomous Chinese city. There was a "very big chance that all nine have perished," said Raymond Ng, a spokesman for the agency. The nine, he said, included five women and four men from three families.

They were traveling with six other Hong Kong residents on a 10-day tour of Egypt.

Ng said an escort of the nine tourists watched the balloon from the ground catching fire around 7 a.m. and plunging to the ground two minutes later.

In Britain, tour operator Thomas Cook confirmed that two British tourists were killed in the crash, and a third later died in the hospital. Another British survivor and the Egyptian pilot, who state media said had severe burns, were being treated in the hospital.

"What happened in Luxor this morning is a terrible tragedy and the thoughts of everyone in Thomas Cook are with our guests, their family and friends," said Peter Fankhauser, CEO of Thomas Cook UK & Continental Europe. He said the firm is providing "full support" to the victims' families.

In Paris, a diplomatic official said French tourists were among those involved in the accident, but would give no details on how many, or whether French citizens were among those killed. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he wasn't authorized to be publicly named according to government policy. French media reports said two French tourists were among the dead but the official wouldn't confirm that.

Egypt's tourism industry has been decimated since the 2011 uprising and the political turmoil that followed and continues to this day. Luxor's hotels are currently about 25 percent full in what is supposed to be the peak of the winter season.

Scared off by the turmoil and tenuous security following the uprising, the number of tourists coming to Egypt fell to 9.8 million in 2011 from 14.7 million the year before, and revenues plunged 30 percent to $8.8 billion.

Magda Fawzi, whose company operates four luxury Nile River cruise boats to Luxor, said she expects the accident will lead to tourist cancellations. Tour guide Hadi Salama said he expects Tuesday's accident to hurt the eight hot air balloon companies operating in Luxor, but that it may not directly affect tourism to the Nile Valley city.

Poverty swelled at the country's fastest rate in Luxor, which is highly dependent on visitors to its monumental temples and the tombs of King Tutankhamun and other pharaohs. In 2011, 39 percent of its population lived on less than $1 a day, compared to 18 percent in 2009, according to government figures.

In August, Egypt's Islamist President Mohammed Morsi flew to Luxor to encourage tourism there, about a month after he took office and vowed that Egypt was safe for tourists.

"Egypt is safer than before, and is open for all," he said in remarks carried by the official MENA news agency at the time. He was referring to the security situation following the 2011 ouster of autocratic leader Hosni Mubarak.

Deadly accidents caused by poor management and a decrepit infrastructure have taken place since Morsi took office. In January, 19 Egyptian conscripts died when their rickety train jumped the track. In November, 49 kindergarteners were killed when their school bus crashed into a speeding train because the railway guard failed to close the crossing.

The Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's most powerful political force and Morsi's base of support, blames accidents on a culture of negligence fostered by Mubarak.

___

Associated Press writers Kelvin Chan in Hong Kong, Jill Lawless in London and Angela Charlton in Paris contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-02-26-ML-Egypt-Balloon-Accident/id-e2e121e354a4467eb0f0068edcc8e6c1

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Billboard converts desert air into drinking water

(UTEC)

An advertising agency has created what it is calling the world's first billboard that converts air into drinking water.

The billboard?a collaboration between agency Mayo DraftFCB and Peru's University of Engineering and Technology?was placed in Peru's rain-starved desert capital, Lima.

Lima gets less than an inch of rain per year on average, but since the city's humidity hovers around 98 percent, generators attached to the structure are able to capture atmospheric moisture, filter it and produce potable water.

The harvested water is then stored in 20-liter tanks and can be retrieved from taps at the base of the billboard.

"Agua aqui," a neon display near the base reads.

According to the university, the billboard produced 9,450 liters of drinking water in three months?enough to sustain hundreds of Peruvian families per month.

Watch a short video explaining the project below.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/billboard-air-water-peru-lima-142159082.html

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Marriage group will 'take out' GOPers who support same-sex unions (Star Tribune)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/287307066?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Conservative favored in Cyprus presidential runoff

NICOSIA, Cyprus (AP) ? With Cypriots facing the specter of financial meltdown, the conservative candidate in a presidential election runoff was favored to beat his left-wing rival Sunday.

Opposition leader Nicos Anastasiades garnered 45.46 percent of the vote in the first round of voting, about 18 points more than Stavros Malas, who is backed by outgoing President Dimitris Christofias' communist-rooted AKEL party. The candidate who gets the simple majority in the second round will win the race.

The new president will be under pressure to quickly finalize a financial rescue package with the eurozone's other 16 countries, and the International Monetary Fund to keep the country solvent as the economy shrinks and state coffers run dry. He will face a tough battle convincing reluctant countries, especially Germany, that tiny Cyprus deserves help after its banks lost billions of euros on bad Greek debt.

Last year, Cyprus sought financial assistance of up to ?17 billion ($22.7 billion), a sum roughly equivalent to its annual gross domestic product, which has raised concerns whether the country would be able to pay back any loan. The country has been unable to borrow from international markets since mid-2011, and turned to long-time ally Russia last year for a ?2.5 billion ($3.3 billion) loan to keep it afloat.

Cyprus, a divided island of around 1 million people in the far eastern end of the Mediterranean, is one of the smallest members of the 27-nation European Union and faces deep political and economic problems.

In 1974, it was split into an internationally recognized Greek Cypriot south and a breakaway Turkish Cypriot north when Turkey invaded after a coup by supporters of union with Greece. Decades of talks on resolving that division so far have gone nowhere, and dealing with the financial crisis now takes priority. Only the 545,000 eligible voters in the south can cast their ballots in the election.

The conservatives have capitalized on widespread discontent over what many view as five years of failed rule by Christofias. An Anastasiades campaign billboard reading "Could you stand another five years of the same?" plays to that discontent.

"Today's choice is twofold: one is to carry on with today's government and the dead ends that we face. The other is a choice for a new era," Anastasiades, 66, said after voting. "(Voters) will conscientiously choose the future of our county, either to go forward or stay in the past."

Malas, a political newcomer, urged voters to select "policies that will help our country to resist and to safeguard social cohesion."

"We are determining the future of our country in a Europe that is contemplating which course it will follow given this great economic crisis," he said.

Voters understand that financial recovery will be a long, tough struggle, regardless of who wins.

"Whoever wins today will have a difficult time to overcome all these problems, because of the mistakes of the past," said Maria Constantinou, 31. "But with the right policies now, things might get better for us with the president after this new one."

Economist Evangelos Loizides, 60, said: "Things are very, very difficult for us now. A solution won't come from the politicians. It'll come from the Cypriots themselves through their hard work."

Another voter expressed doubt whether either candidate can really deliver.

"Let me put it to you this way. I prefer a Ferrari, but I can only choose between a Mitsubishi and a Toyota," said 36-year-old Panayiotis, who didn't give his last name. "We could've had better choices, more options, but this is what we're presented with."

Eurozone leaders are expected to discuss a Cyprus bailout in the latter half of March. Some have voiced doubt whether Cyprus ? which contributes only 0.2 percent to the eurozone's economy ? is really worth saving, even though Cypriot and European Union officials have warned that allowing the country to fall would jeopardize the eurozone's fragile recovery.

Cyprus has already enacted deep public sector wage cuts and tax hikes under a preliminary bailout agreement.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/conservative-favored-cyprus-presidential-runoff-121852541--finance.html

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Possible Samsung Galaxy S4 (GT-I9500) Sample Photos Hit The Web (Tyler Lee/Ubergizmo)

image: Ubergizmo

The Samsung Galaxy S4 has to be one of the most anticipated smartphone launches as far as 2013 is concerned, and the rumors of the device, alleged specs and such have been flying off the handle. Now rumors have suggested that the Galaxy S4 will feature a 13MP rear-facing camera, much like Sony?s Xperia Z, and the folks at Androsym have stumbled across some photos on Google+ which appear to have been taken by a certain Samsung GT-I9500, which has been speculated to be the Galaxy S4. The photos have since been removed, but the folks at Androsym have provided some screenshots of the photos on Google+, along with the photos? EXIF data. (more?) ...

Source: http://www.techinvestornews.com/Mobile/Mobile-Bloggers/possible-samsung-galaxy-s4-gt-i9500-sample-photos-hit-the-web

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The Console Wars, Begun They Have: Microsoft May Announce New Xbox At April Event

Image (1) xbox1.jpg for post 105504A number of solid reports, including a new domain name, XboxEvent.com registered to Microsoft, are pointing to an Xbox event in April. While most console reveals happen at E3, as evidenced by Sony's mystery-filled conference, Microsoft will probably announce specs and some launch titles and leave the money shot for Los Angeles in June.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/-xJfOSBSFtM/

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Little did we know about beetle diversity: Astonishing 138 new species in a single genus

Little did we know about beetle diversity: Astonishing 138 new species in a single genus

Thursday, February 21, 2013

The tropics are home to an extraordinary diversity of insect species. How great is it, exactly? We do not know, but today, researchers at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History published a study on tropical beetles that can help us progress towards an answer to this question. The paper was published in the open access, peer-reviewed journal Zookeys.

Entomologists Michael Caterino and Alexey Tishechkin have named 138 new species within the genus Operclipygus (the name refers to their clamshell-like rear end), thereby increasing the size of the genus over six times. The work is based on a study of over 4000 specimens amassed from natural history museums all over the World, as well as specimens from fieldwork collected throughout Central and South America by the authors.

The lead co-author of the paper, Dr. Caterino, comments of on the significance of such biodiversity: 'We all know that forests in the tropics are disappearing. But we only have the faintest idea of how much biodiversity is disappearing with them. Studies like this are critical to seeing where the greatest diversity is, and finding out the best ways to protect it',

These beetles all belong to a family known as histerids, or 'clown beetles'. All of the newly described species are similar in appearance to a poppy seed ? small, round and black. Because of their extreme abundance, however, they have an ecological importance disproportionate to their size. As voracious predators of other insects' larvae, these beetles help controlling pestiferous flies. As in some cases their menu includes fly larvae found in decomposing bodies, some researchers have been promoting their use in forensic investigations.

Since the days of Darwin, Wallace, and Bates, entomologists have both celebrated and bemoaned the overwhelming diversity of tropical insects. Modern-day scientists continue to grapple with the question of just what extent of insect biodiversity lives in the tropical parts of the World, with estimates ranging from 5 to 30 million species or more. This study is only one part of a larger revision of several related histerid genera, and it seems not to be an isolated case, with most groups revealing 5 to 6 times the species currently documented.

So while biologists have a long way to go in fully documenting the species diversity in rapidly-disappearing tropical forests, comprehensive taxonomic revisions of neglected insect groups can help to clarify the magnitude of what's at stake. This project was funded by the Advancing Revisionary Taxonomy and Systematics program of the U.S. National Science Foundation, and it clearly demonstrates what dedicated support for taxonomy can do for our understanding of global biodiversity.

Dr. Caterino closes: 'We're committed to doing our best to let people know what's out there before it's too late'.

###

Caterino MS, Tishechkin AK (2013) A systematic revision of Operclipygus Marseul (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini). ZooKeys 271: 1?401. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.271.4062

Pensoft Publishers: http://www.pensoft.net

Thanks to Pensoft Publishers for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 32 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126942/Little_did_we_know_about_beetle_diversity__Astonishing_____new_species_in_a_single_genus

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Caves point to thawing of Siberia

Friday, February 22, 2013

Evidence from Siberian caves suggests that a global temperature rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius could see permanently frozen ground thaw over a large area of Siberia, threatening release of carbon from soils, and damage to natural and human environments.

A thaw in Siberia's permafrost (ground frozen throughout the year) could release over 1000 giga-tonnes of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, potentially enhancing global warming.

The data comes from an international team led by Oxford University scientists studying stalactites and stalagmites from caves located along the 'permafrost frontier', where ground begins to be permanently frozen in a layer tens to hundreds of metres thick. Because stalactites and stalagmites only grow when liquid rainwater and snow melt drips into the caves, these formations record 500,000 years of changing permafrost conditions, including warmer periods similar to the climate of today.

Records from a particularly warm period (Marine Isotopic Stage 11) that occurred around 400,000 years ago suggest that global warming of 1.5?C compared to the present is enough to cause substantial thawing of permafrost far north from its present-day southern limit.

A report of the research is published in this week's Science Express. The team included scientists from Britain, Russia, Mongolia and Switzerland.

'The stalactites and stalagmites from these caves are a way of looking back in time to see how warm periods similar to our modern climate affect how far permafrost extends across Siberia,' said Dr Anton Vaks of Oxford University's Department of Earth Sciences, who led the work. 'As permafrost covers 24% of the land surface of the Northern hemisphere significant thawing could affect vast areas and release giga-tonnes of carbon.

'This has huge implications for ecosystems in the region, and for aspects of the human environment. For instance, natural gas facilities in the region, as well as power lines, roads, railways and buildings are all built on permafrost and are vulnerable to thawing. Such a thaw could damage this infrastructure with obvious economic implications.'

The team used radiometric dating techniques to date the growth of cave formations (stalactites and stalagmites). Data from the Ledyanaya Lenskaya Cave ? near the town of Lensk latitude 60?N ? in the coldest region showed that the only period when stalactite growth took place occurred about 400,000 years ago, during a period with a global temperature 1.5?C higher than today. Periods when the world was 0.5-1?C warmer than today did not see any stalactite growth in this northernmost cave, suggesting that around 1.5?C is the 'tipping point' at which the coldest permafrost regions begin to thaw.

Dr Vaks said: 'Although it wasn't the main focus of our research our work also suggests that in a world 1.5?C warmer than today, warm enough to melt the coldest permafrost, adjoining regions would see significant changes with Mongolia's Gobi Desert becoming much wetter than it is today and, potentially, this extremely arid area coming to resemble the present-day Asian steppes.'

###

University of Oxford: http://www.ox.ac.uk/

Thanks to University of Oxford for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 43 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126980/Caves_point_to_thawing_of_Siberia

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A simple view of gravity does not fully explain the distribution of stars in crowded clusters

A simple view of gravity does not fully explain the distribution of stars in crowded clusters

Thursday, February 21, 2013

Gravity remains the dominant force on large astronomical scales, but when it comes to stars in young star clusters the dynamics in these crowded environments cannot be simply explained by the pull of gravity.

After analyzing Hubble Space Telescope images of star cluster NGC 1818 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, researchers at the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (KIAA) at Peking University in Beijing found more binary star systems toward the periphery of cluster than in the center ? the opposite of what they expected. The surprising distribution of binaries is thought to result from complex interactions among stars within young clusters.

The team's finding will be published in the March 1 print issue of the Astrophysical Journal, and is now online.

In the dynamic environment of a star cluster, high-mass stars are thought to gravitate toward the center of a cluster when they give a 'kick' to lower-mass stars and lose energy, explained KIAA Prof. Richard de Grijs, who led the study. This leads them to sink to the cluster center, while the lower-mass stars gain energy and might move to orbits at greater distances from the cluster core. Astronomers call this process "mass segregation."

However, when the Kavli researchers looked closely at binary star systems within NGC 1818, they found a much more complex picture.

Most stars in clusters actually form in pairs, called "binary stars," which initially are located so close to one another that they interact, resulting in the destruction of some binary systems. Other binaries, meanwhile, swap partners. Astronomers had expected that the same process that leads a cluster's most massive stars to gravitate toward the center would also apply to binaries. This is because together, the stars that make up binaries have more mass on average than a single star.

When the astronomers discovered that there were more binaries the farther from the core they observed, they were initially baffled by this unexpected result. They concluded that so-called "soft" binary systems, in which the two stars orbit each other at rather large distances, are destroyed due to close encounters with other stars near the cluster's center. Meanwhile, "hard" binaries, in which the two stars orbit one another at much shorter distances, survive close encounters with other stars much better, all throughout a cluster. This is why more binaries were seen farther out than close in.

Mapping the radial distribution of binary systems in dense star clusters had never been done before for clusters as young as NGC 1818, which is thought to be 15-30 million years old. This is difficult to do in any case, because there are no young clusters nearby in our own Milky Way galaxy. The new result provides new insights into theoretically predicted processes that govern the evolution of star clusters.

"The extremely dynamic interactions among stars in clusters complicates our understanding of gravity," team member Chengyuan Li said. "One needs to investigate the entire physical environment to fully understand what's happening in that environment. Things are usually more complex than they appear."

###

The Kavli Foundation: http://www.kavlifoundation.org/

Thanks to The Kavli Foundation for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 47 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126949/A_simple_view_of_gravity_does_not_fully_explain_the_distribution_of_stars_in_crowded_clusters

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BRIT Awards 2013: Taylor Swift, One Direction & Justin Timberlake ...

What else but awards season could get us through the dead of winter? Keeping us warm right now are all the stunning pictures from the 2013 BRIT Awards, which took over London?s O2 Arena on Wednesday night (February 20). Before we can hear the acceptance speeches, see the stellar performances (including Mr. 20/20 Experience?Justin Timberlake) and watch Taylor Swift, once again, enjoy her very own sing-along?? we first get to relish in the?pageantry?of the red carpet. Check out the handsome fellas of One Direction, JT in his suit and tie, Jessie J?s daring dress and Tay rocking a sexy?Elie Saab gown (after all, Harry Styles needs to see what he?s been missing.)

Which pop star was dressed the best at this year?s BRIT Awards? Tell us below!?

Source: http://idolator.com/7442447/brit-awards-2013-taylor-swift-one-direction-justin-timberlake

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Township buys golf course

The Township of Norwich finally has a place to put a new administration building.

CAO Michael Graves issued a press release Thursday morning, Feb. 21 announcing the township has purchased the 24-acre former Norwich Fountainview Golf Course.

The release did not include the purchase price, but Mike Legge, director of financial services/treasurer, said, ?I know we got an extremely good deal.?

He said the price couldn't be released yet because the deal hasn't officially closed and it hasn't been presented in open council as yet. He wasn't sure if the item would be on the next council agenda March 12.

The press release states the township's intention is to use the majority of the lands for economic development purposes and a portion of the property for the new administration building. Selling the excess land for economic development will help reduce the overall cost.

?By selling the remaining lands, that money can be utilized to offset the construction costs, providing us with additional monies to be used to pursue the other goals on the township?s strategic plan including a new Burgessville fire hall and a new centralized public works building,? said Graves in the release.

Locating the new administration building on the site will place it within the village limits, central to the entire municipality and on full services; all of which were key goals of council throughout this process.

The township has spent years looking for a site for the new administration building and has done due diligence on numerous properties over that time, said Graves in the release.

?We are trying to ensure we get the biggest bang for our buck and this site meets a lot of the criteria because it has a financial benefit that other sites do not,? said Mayor Don Doan.

The township has had other properties in its sights, but to date, has been unable to reach an agreement that meets its financial criteria, which includes ensuring taxpayers the township pays an appropriate amount for the property.

?We need to proceed on the administration building,? said Doan. ?It is the number one goal on our strategic plan and the rest of our goals are awaiting our progress on this goal.?

The next step is to proceed with a Request For Proposal (RFP) process for an architect or engineer to assist in designing a building and start touring other facilities to look at features to include. This will help to determine features to enhance customer service and workflow.

The township had originally hoped someone would purchase the remaining nine holes and operate it as a golf course, Graves said, but it became more evident that the golf course in Norwich was never going to return to that use.

Another possibility is to utilize some of the lands for recreation purposes, possibly soccer fields. A recreational use could provide a needed buffer between a new administration building and the remainder of the lands used for industrial purposes.

Source: http://www.woodstocksentinelreview.com/2013/02/21/township-buys-golf-course

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Tampa Chapter of MOAA Announces Help for Active Duty Military Patients & Families Through Operation Helping Hand

The Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) Tampa Chapter provides compassionate assistance to active duty service members injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. Operation Helping Hand (Op HH) helps to make things a little easier for patients being cared for at James A. Haley Hospital in Tampa, Fla.

Alexandria, VA (PRWEB) February 21, 2013

The Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) Tampa Chapter has been provides compassionate assistance to active duty service members injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. Through an organization called Operation Helping Hand (Op HH), their focus is to make things a little easier for patients being cared for at James A. Haley Hospital in Tampa, Fla., by reducing stress for them and their families.

Op HH was started by its current Chairman, retired Navy Captain and MOAA Board member Robert J. Silah. This special project of the MOAA Chapter is operated by retired military officers and volunteers who gladly donate their time without any compensation.

?Operation Helping Hand recognizes the most important part of rehabilitation is having the love and support of family,? Silah said. ?That?s why our assistance ranges from roundtrip commercial air travel for immediate family members to visit and be with their injured loved ones to paying for rental cars, prepaid cell phones, comfort items and countless other helpful gestures.?

For almost nine years, Op HH has helped close to 1,000 of our active duty wounded and more than 1,300 of their family members. More than $1 million in checks and cash has gone to the patients and families along with such in-kind support as monthly gift bags, food and restaurant coupons, welcome kits, various gift cards and a range of other materials and services. For those who can, Op HH conducts outings to area sporting events like the Tampa Bay Rays baseball team and to see the Tampa Bay Lightning hockey team play.

This mission has remained steady over the years and is growing. Since the start of the War on Terror, there has been a steady flow of wounded combat military getting treatment at Haley for their injuries. Many arrive in Tampa with debilitating wounds, including blindness, amputations, blast injuries, burns, and brain or spinal cord damage or a combination of these injuries referred to as Polytrauma.

Op HH holds monthly dinners at the Spinal Cord Injury Center honoring the active duty injured and wounded. It is a chance for the community to render the thanks of a grateful nation. Approximately 300 people attend these dinners to salute and applaud the warriors. There is great support from the Tampa community with many willing sponsors to underwrite the cost of the dinners.

Paying for all the assistance and support is not always easy.

?Thankfully, through modest fund-raising efforts Op HH has been and continues to be blessed with the generous contributions of individuals, corporations and associations,? Silah said. ?Many service organizations have stepped forward and presented checks to Op HH based on their own fund-raising campaigns. The many heartfelt thank you letters received from grateful patients and their families is the fuel that keeps Op HH going.?

For more information about Op HH, please visit http://www.operationhelpinghandtampa.com.

# # #

About MOAA:


Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) is the nation?s largest officers association with more than 380,000 members from every branch of service, including active duty, retired, National Guard, Reserve, and former officers and their families and survivors. MOAA is a nonprofit and politically nonpartisan organization and an influential force in promoting a strong national defense. MOAA represents the interests of service members and their families in every stage of their lives and careers, and for those who are not eligible to join MOAA, Voices for America?s Troops is a nonprofit MOAA affiliate that supports a strong national defense. For more information, visit http://www.moaa.org.

PR
Military Officers Association of America
703-838-0546
Email Information

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tampa-chapter-moaa-announces-help-active-duty-military-151825572.html

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